Business Continuity Plan vs. Disaster Recovery Plan: What Are the Key Differences?
Over time, enterprises, institutions, and organizations will face disasters that could temporarily or permanently disrupt their operations. These events could be man-made (industrial sabotage, cyber-attacks, workplace violence) or natural disasters (pandemics, hurricanes, floods), etc.
That’s where business continuity plans (BCP) and disaster recovery plans (DRP) come in.
BCP vs. DRP
Savvy organizational leaders employ corporate strategies such as disaster recovery (DR) and business continuity (BC) to nimbly navigate through such emergencies and maintain functionality in the face of disasters. To help you decide which of these strategies you should deploy, let’s explore the differences between business continuity and disaster recovery plans, and when, how, and in what scenarios they are most effective.
What is a Business Continuity Plan?
Business continuity planning describes the process of documenting a holistic set of protocols and procedures to help businesses maintain a certain minimum level of functionality when a crisis hits. The outcome of that planning process is the business continuity plan. It is a strategy designed to help businesses continue operating with minimal disruption during a disruptive event.
Processes, steps, and guidelines in a business continuity plan answer one question: “How can businesses continue offering acceptable service levels when disaster strikes?”
The BCP is a master document that details your organization’s entire prevention, mitigation, response, and recovery protocols for all kinds of threats and disasters.
At a high level, some of the key components of a business continuity plan are:
- Information about and/or references to BC governance, policies and standards
- The purpose and scope of the BCP
- Instructions about how to use the plan end-to-end, from activation to de-activation phases
- References to Crisis Management and Emergency Response plans
- References to Runbooks detailing all applicable procedures step-by-step, with checklists and flow diagrams
- A schedule defining reviews, tests of the plan
What Is a Disaster Recovery Plan?
At a high level, a disaster recovery plan is a formal document containing clear action plans for rapidly responding to, dealing with, and recovering from disruptive contingencies. A DR plan helps organizations reduce the impact and duration of unexpected disruptions by minimizing the downtime of key IT infrastructure and critical operations.
The goal of a DRP is to minimize downtime and data loss as much as possible.
Some of the key elements of the DRP include:
- guidelines on how and when to use the DR plan
- incident response and recovery steps
- contact information and responsibilities of individual DR team members
The DRP must be constantly reviewed, revised, tested, and maintained to ensure its effectiveness and responsiveness in the face of an evolving business environment.
⇒ Learn More About what is Disaster Recovery Plan
Business Continuity Plan vs Disaster Recovery Plan: What Are The Similarities?
Although business continuity and disaster recovery strategies differ in several areas, they have similar goals, objectives, and intended outcomes. Let’s explore some of the similarities between BCP and DRP.
DRP Is Part of a Successful BCP
A well-designed DRP guides businesses on how to restore communications, critical operations, and systems to a secondary business location if the primary location has been compromised. Since most businesses today are heavily IT reliant, a disaster recovery plan tends to focus on business data and information systems by addressing one or several points of failure including application downtime, network outages, hardware failure, data loss, etc.
This makes DRP a crisis response and recovery strategy for IT infrastructure in modern organizations. As such, it is a component of a successful BCP because it details the objectives, procedures, and resources the organization needs to secure its IT assets and continue providing services following a disaster.
Both BCP and DRP Are Needed to Ensure Business Resilience
In practice, organizations should simultaneously implement both BCP and DRP when possible. The BCP is your first line of defense against disasters while DRP is advantageous when your business operations require vital business data to continue functioning.
The DRP assumes that a disaster has disrupted your organization’s IT operations and/or infrastructure, and that certain measures need to be activated to return to normal operating conditions in the shortest possible time.
As noted previously, the BCP is about all the activities and actions to be taken across the organization to ensure the business can continue offering acceptable service levels when a disruptive event strikes. The same goes for the DRP.
Note that the DRP can be invoked without triggering the activation of the BCP. For instance, the loss of cooling in a datacenter would trigger the DRP, with a response to activate a secondary site before the primary one would go offline due to the servers overheating. But no BCP would have to be activated in that scenario.
⇒ A definition of Business Resilience
Both BCP and DRP Require Testing Regularly to Ensure the Plans Work
Savvy business leaders begin with a small but easily scalable BCP or DRP and rigorously test to identify loopholes and minimize vulnerabilities. Over time, these plans can be expanded as resources, capacity, and business functionality increase. However, testing each new iteration of the disaster recovery or business continuity plan is essential to its success. Test simulations validate the efficacy of your plan’s response and recovery processes and help identify areas of improvement.
⇒ Disaster Recovery Testing – It may Just Save Your Business
How Does Disaster Recovery Planning Differ From Business Continuity Planning?
The business continuity vs disaster recovery debate continues to rage on. It is absolutely clear that organizations need both to respond to the immediate aftermath of a disaster as well as move on to a more stable mode following the initial period of crisis. Although they have similar objectives, DRP and BCP differ in several subtle ways.
BCP Includes Business Impact Analysis, Risk Assessment, And Strategy Development
BCP addresses every aspect of disaster preparedness (prevention, mitigation, and recovery) by analyzing critical business processes and defining the repercussions of disruptive events on said processes. This helps the business continuity management team (BCMT) to create a priority list of critical processes and key resources (such as employees, IT infrastructure, and data) to safeguard at all times.
Essentially, business continuity planning entails business impact analysis, risk assessment, and strategy development and goes further than the DRP to find ways of rebuilding and returning the organization to a more stable mode of operation.
⇒ Risk Assessment: 3 Key Starting Points for Effective Business Impact Analysis
Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) for BC, Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) and Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) for DR
Timing is a key difference between BCP and DRP. The BCP contains emergency response activities that should kick in as soon as a disruption is identified. After the initial emergency response, the recovery plan follows suit. The risk assessment and BIA activities in the BC planning will help an organization to determine its availability SLAs.
These SLAs in turn are translated into the relevant RTOs and RPOs that must be achieved to meet the given SLAs. This makes RTO and RPO calculations a key part of the DR planning process. RTOs and RPOs guide the rest of the DR planning process as well as the choice of recovery technologies, failover options, and data backup platforms.
BCP vs DRP: DR Planning Is More Hands-On
A business continuity plan has a much broader scope than a DRP and encompasses an organization’s entire operational ecosystem. It details a holistic framework that enables organizations to maintain a certain minimum level of functionality and productivity, no matter the prevailing circumstances. It includes policies, standards and procedures that map out the end-to-end flow and activities the organization will have to go through when faced with a disruptive event.
Conversely, disaster recovery has a narrower focus area and answers the question: “How do we recover from a disaster?” The DRP is more hands-on and focuses on the resources and steps needed to recover from a disruptive event. It does this by addressing issues concerning data loss, infrastructural failure, and critical technology assets. Your DR plan helps restore data and applications if an organization’s IT infrastructure, data centers, and servers are damaged or destroyed when a crisis hits.
Begin Your BCP Journey With A Strong DR Plan
In the wake of a crisis, unprepared businesses have little choice but to completely shut down operations. Rather than take a reactive approach to disaster management, leading organizations leverage business continuity and disaster recovery planning to stay ahead. With more and more organizations relying on IT infrastructure for core business functions, a strong DR plan is a great way to begin your business continuity journey.
Introducing the Zerto Solution
The Zerto solution is built on a foundation of continuous data protection, providing everything you need for disaster recovery, backup, and cloud mobility to help you streamline business continuity planning efforts across any vertical. Zerto brings together everything that’s required to keep your infrastructure protected in a single, simple, and scalable cloud data management and protection solution.
Speak to one of our specialists today to find out how Zerto can streamline your business continuity planning.
Frequently Asked Questions about Business Continuity Plan vs Disaster Recovery Plan
Is DRP a subset of BCP?
A disaster recovery plan (DRP) is usually a subset of a business continuity plan (BCP). The DRP provides the objectives, procedures, and resources an organization needs to secure its IT assets and continue providing services following a disaster. It is focused on the IT infrastructure and services.
The business continuity plan (BCP) does the same but at the entire organization level, hence covering employees, partners, customers, facilities, IT, etc.
What is the difference between a BCP and a DRP and an IRP?
A business continuity plan (BCP) focuses on keeping critical business operations running and people safe during a disruption. It covers all aspects of the organization involved in these critical business processes—staff, facilities, IT infrastructure and systems, partners, etc—and aims at maintaining or restoring operations as quickly as possible in compliance with SLA metrics such as MTD and MTDL.
A disaster recovery plan (DRP) focuses on restoring IT infrastructure, systems and services after a disaster, which can be natural (hurricane, earthquake, etc.) or man-made (cyberattack, ransomware, sabotage, error, etc.). A DRP aims at meeting specific DR SLAs such as RTO and RPO.
An incident response plan (IRP) is about responding to incidents as fast as possible, but also as appropriately as possible to determine what other plans need to be triggered. The efficiency of an IRP will be measured by the time it takes to properly assess the situation and quickly decide about the best course of action, including communication (IRT). Even though often associated with cybersecurity, IRP is not limited to IT.
While these plans are all intertwined they are not necessarily triggered for all disruptions. A planned strike would trigger a BCP only. An IRP may not trigger any plan. An IT issue may trigger an IRP and DRP without involving a BCP. Other disruptions, such as a major ransomware attack, or the CrowdStrike IT update, will involve all these plans and more (i.e. crisis management plan or CMP).
What is the difference between COOP and BCP?
A business continuity plan (BCP) is a key element of business resilience. It focuses on keeping critical business operations running and people safe during a disruption. Its key components are risk assessment (RA) and business impact analysis (BIA), in order to set SLAs, and measures to mitigate those risks and have procedures in place when disruption strikes.
A continuity of operations plan (COOP), is about managing the crisis resulting from a major disaster or event and responding to it. It is a US government initiative, and it focuses on keeping up and running functions and operations critical to public safety and national security. However, it can be used by businesses in the private sector to help guide some aspects of their BCP.
Kevin Cole 
